Abstract:
Indian Culture, India
is a country of an ancient civilization. India's social, economic, and cultural configurations
are the products of an extended process of regional expansion.
Indian history begins with the birth of the Indus Valley Civilization and the
arrival of the Aryans. These two stages are usually described as pre-Vedic and
Vedic ages. Hinduism emerged during the Vedic period.
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| An Indian Culture |
In
the battle for supremacy, the English emerged as 'conquerors'. The Revolt of
1857–58, which sought to restore Indian domination, was crushed; And with the
subsequent crowning of Victoria as Empress of India, India's accession to the
empire was completed. This was followed by India's struggle for independence,
which we got in the year 1947. India is one of the oldest civilizations in the
world and one of the most populous countries in the world. Indian culture often
referred to as the amalgamation of cultures of many different means, has spread
to the Indian subcontinent and has influenced and taken shape from several
thousand years old histories.
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| An Indian Culture |
Throughout
the history of India, Indian culture has been heavily influenced by Dharmic religious
beliefs. He has been credited with shaping many Indian philosophies,
literature, architecture, art, and music. Greater India was the historical
frontier of Indian culture beyond the Indian subcontinent. It particularly
concerns the spread of Hinduism, Buddhism, architecture, administration, and
writing systems from India to other parts of Asia via the Silk Road by
travelers and seafarers during the early centuries of the Common Era.
To
the west, Greater India extends along with the Hindu Kush and the Pamir Mountains
along with Greater Persia. For centuries, India has had a significant range of
cultures among Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims (Sunni, Shia, Sufi), Jains, Sikhs,
and various tribal populations. Fusion has taken place.
By family structure and
marriage:
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| An Indian Culture |
Arranged Marriage:
Arranged
marriage has long been the norm. Even today, most Indians are marriages
planned by their parents and other respected family members. According to the
2011 Census of India, the average marriage age of women in India has increased
to 21 years. In 2009, about 7% of women got married before the age of 18 years.
Wedding Rituals:
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| An Indian Culture |
Greetings:
Greetings
includes Namastay (Hindi and Sanskrit), Namaskar (Hindi), Zuhar / Namaskar in
Odia, Namaskar (Marathi), Namaskara (Kannada), Namaskaram (Telugu, Malayalam),
Vanakkam (Tamil), Nomoshkar (Bengali), Nomoskar (Assamese). All of these are
usually greetings or greetings when people meet and farewell forms at the time
of departure. Namaskar is taken into account slightly more
formally than Namaste but both express deep respect. Namaskar is commonly
used by Hindus, Jains, and Buddhists in India and Nepal, and many continue to
use it outside the Indian subcontinent. In Indian and Nepalese culture, the
word is spoken at the beginning of written or oral communication.
Festivals:
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| An Indian Culture |
India, being a multi-cultural,
multi-ethnic, and multi-religious society, celebrates holidays and festivals of various religions. In India, three
national holidays, Independence Day, Republic Day, and Gandhi Jayanti, are
celebrated with zeal and enthusiasm India. Besides, there are local
festivals based on religious and linguistic demographics practiced in many
Indian states and territories.
Popular
religious festivals include Navratri, Janmashtami, Diwali, Maha Shivratri,
Ganesh Chaturthi, Durga Puja, Holi, Rath Yatra, Ugadi, Onam, Vasant Panchami,
Rakshabandhan, and Dussehra.
Many
harvest festivals such as Makar Sankranti, Pongal, and Raja Sankranti swinging
festivals are also quite popular. Indian New Year festivals are celebrated with
unique styles at different times in different parts of India. Ugadi, Bihu, Gudi
Padwa, Puthandu, Pohela Boishakh, Vishu, and Vishuva Sankranti are New Year
festivals in a different part of India.
Some
festivals in India are celebrated by many religions. Notable examples include
Diwali, celebrated by Hindus, Sikhs, and Jains across the country, and Buddha
Purnima, celebrated by Buddhists. Sikh festivals such as Guru Nanak Jayanti,
Baisakhi is celebrated with great pomp by the Sikhs and Hindus of Punjab and
Delhi, where the two communities together constitute a major part of the
population.
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| An Indian Culture |
Incorporating
colors in the culture of India, the Drew Festival is one of India's tribal
festivals, celebrated by the Apatanis of the Ziro Valley of Arunachal Pradesh,
the easternmost state of India. Nowruz is the most important festival among the Parsi community of India. According to the 2011 census of India, Islam is the
second-largest religion in India with over 172 million Muslims. Islamic
festivals that are celebrated and declared a public holiday in India; Eid ul
Fitr, Eid ul Adha- (Bakri Eid), Milad un Nabi, Muharram, and Shab-e-Barat.
Some
Indian states have announced regional holidays specifically for regional popular
festivals; Such as Arba’een, Jumu’ahtul-Wida, and Shab-e-Qadar. Christianity is
the third largest religion in India. With over 23 million Christians, of which 17 million are
Roman Catholics, India is home to several Christian festivals. Regional
and community fairs are also a common festival in India. For example, the
Pushkar fair in Rajasthan is one of the world's largest markets for cattle and
livestock.
Animals: Indian Culture
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| An Indian Culture |
The diverse and rich wildlife of India has a profound impact on the popular culture
of the region. The common name of a forest in India is the jungle which was adopted
by the British colonialists for the English language. The term is also made
famous in The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling. The wildlife of India has been
the subject of many other legends and fables such as the Panchatantra and
Jataka tales.
In
Hinduism, the cow is considered as a symbol of Ahinsa (non-violence), the
mother goddess, and the symbol of attainment of good fortune and wealth. For
this reason, cows are considered in Hindu culture, and feeding the cow is seen
as an act of worship. This is why beef-eating is prohibited in mainstream Hindu
and Jain society.
Cuisine {Food}:
Indian cuisine is as diverse as India. Indian cuisine uses many ingredients, deploying
a wide range of food preparation styles, cooking techniques, and culinary
presentations. From salads to sauces, from vegetarian to meat, from spices to
sensual, from bread to sweets, Indian cuisine is invisibly complex.
Clothing: Indian Culture
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| An Indian Culture |
Traditional
clothing in India varies greatly in different parts of the country and the
local culture, Geography is influenced by climate and rural/urban settings.
Popular styles of dresses include draped garments such as saris for women and
dhoti or lungi or panache (in Kannada) for men. Stitched clothes are also
popular such as churidar or salwar-kameez for women, worn over the shoulder
with dupatta (long dupatta). The salwar is often loose-fitting, while churidar
is a tight cut.
Languages and Literature:
Language
families in India and its neighboring countries. India received 122 first languages
in active use in the 2001 Census. Sanskrit has a profound influence on the
languages and literature of India. The most spoken language in India is the
"Sanskritised Register" of the Khadiboli dialect. Odia is the 6th classical language of India apart from Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and
Malayalam.
Performing Arts:
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| An Indian Culture |
India
has had a long romance with dance art. The Hindu Sanskrit texts Nityashastra
(the science of dance) and Abhinaya dwar (mirror of Gesture) date back to the
first millennium century 200 BCE. Indian dance consists of eight classical
dance forms, many in narrative forms with mythological elements. There are
eight classical forms of classical dance by the National Music Academy, Dance,
and Drama of India: Bharatnatyam of the state of Tamil Nadu, Kathak of Uttar
Pradesh, Kathakali and Mohiniattam of Kerala State, Kuchipudi in Andhra
Pradesh, Yakshagana of Karnataka, Manipuri of Manipur, Odyssey (Odisha) and the
Sattriya of Assam.
Indian drama and theater have a long history with music and
dance. Kalidasa's plays such as Shakuntala and Meghdoot are some of the earlier
plays, dating back to Bhasa. One of the oldest surviving theater traditions in
the world is the 2,000-year-old Kutiyattam of Kerala. It strictly follows the
Natya Shastra. Naitacharya Mani.
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| An Indian Culture |
Music is an integral part of the culture of
India. The Natyashastra, a 2000-year-old Sanskrit text, describes five systems
of classification for classifying musical instruments. One of these ancient
Indian systems classify musical instruments into four groups according to the
four primary sources of vibration: strings, membranes, cymbals, and wind.
According to Reis Flora, this is similar to the Western theory of organology.
Archaeologists have also discovered a 3000-year-old, 20-key, carefully shaped
polished basalt lithophones in the higher reaches of Odisha. The earliest preserved
examples of Indian music are the melodies of the Samaveda (1000 BCE) which are
sung even today in some Vedic Srauta sacrifices; It is the first article of the
10 visual arts of Indian music.
The caves painting of Ajanta, Bagh, Ellora, and Sitanavasal
and temple paintings are symbols of natural love. The earliest and medieval art
in India is Hindu, Buddhist, or Jain. Freshly colored floor design (Rangoli) is
still a common sight outside the doors of many (mostly South Indian) Indian
homes. Raja Ravi Varma is one of the classical painters of medieval India.
Pattachitra, Madhubani painting, Mysore painting, Rajput painting, Tanjore
painting, Mughal paintings are some notable styles of Indian art.
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| An Indian Culture |
The first sculptures in India are found
in the Indus Valley Civilization, where stone and bronze figures have been
discovered. Later, as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism developed further, India
produced some extremely intricate bronze as well as temple carvings. Some huge
temples, such as Ellora, were not built using blocks but were carved out of solid rock.
Indian architecture constantly absorbs new ideas over
space and time. The result is an evolving range of architectural production
that retains a certain amount of continuity throughout history. Some of its
earliest production is found in the Indus Valley Civilization (2600–1900 BCE),
which is characteristic of well-planned cities and homes. Religion and state
power do not play an important role in the planning and layout of these cities.
Sports and Martial Arts:
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| An Indian Culture |
Field
hockey was considered the national sport of India, but in the recent Right to
Information Act (RTI) by the Government of India clarified that India has not
declared any sport to be a national sport. Cricket is considered the most
popular sport in India. Football is popular in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Chess is generally believed to have originated during the Gupta Empire in
northwest India, where it was initially known as Chaturanga in the 6th century.
Other games that originated in India and remained popular in wide parts of
northern India include Kabaddi, Gilli-Danda, and Kho Kho. Traditional Southern
Indian games include snake boat races and Kuttim Kollam.
One
of the most famous forms of ancient Indian martial arts is the Kalarippayattu
of Kerala. This ancient war style originated in southern India in the 12th
century BC and is considered one of the oldest surviving martial arts.
Popular Media:
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| An Indian Culture |
Indian television began trial in 1959 for educational
broadcasting in New Delhi. Indian small screen programming began in the
mid-1970s. At that time there was only one national channel, Doordarshan, which
was owned by the government. 1982 saw a revolution in TV programming in India,
with the New Delhi Asian Games, India seeing a colorful version of TV that
year. Some popular television series as Ramayana and Mahabharata. By the late 1980s, more and more people started their television sets. Although there was
only one channel, television programming reached saturation. So the government
opened another channel that had national programming and regional parts.
This channel, DD2, was later known as DD Metro. Both channels were prominently
broadcast. In 1991, the government freed its markets, opening them up to cable
TV. Since then, the number of available channels has skyrocketed. Today, the
Indian small screen is a huge industry in itself and has thousands of events in
all states of India.
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| An Indian Culture |
Bollywood is the unofficial name of the popular
Mumbai film industry in India. Bollywood and other major cinematic hubs
(Bengali cinema, Oriya film industry, Assamese, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi,
Tamil, Punjabi, and Telugu) constitute the wider Indian film industry,
considered the largest producer of many films in the world. . Produced and sold
many tickets.
Conclusions:
Variety
of India has inspired many writers to pen their perceptions about the country's
culture. These articles present a complex and often conflicting picture of
India's culture. India is one of the ethnically and religiously diverse
countries in the world.
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| An Indian Culture |
The
concept of 'Indian culture' is a
very complex and complex matter. Because Indian citizens are divided into
various ethnic, religious, caste, linguistic, and regional groups. This greatly
complicates the realities of "Indianness". This is why the
realization of Indian identity leads to some difficulties and a series of
assumptions about what "Indian" means.
However,
despite its vast heterogeneous structure, some underlying internal or shared
Indian culture is made up of some inherent internal powers such as a strong
constitution, universal adult suffrage, flexible federal structure, secular
educational policy, and more. Historical events like the Indian independence
movement, partition, the war against Pakistan, etc.
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