The state of power generation in India is not only economically, but due to the dependence of social and environmental factors on the thermal sector for electricity, India is gradually becoming aware and smart to ensure sustainably development and on the other hand, Our country's capacity as hydroelectric is growing rapidly, therefore, plans are gradually expanding its base towards renewable energy generation.
 |
| Thermal Power Generation Plant |
The
power sector in
Market Capacity
Is
defined by, Sustainable economic growth continues to demand electricity in
The target of renewable energy has been
increased to 175 GW by 2022. The
total installed capacity of power stations in
Investment Scenario
Between
April 2000 and March 2020, the industry invested the US $ 14.98 billion for FDI
in
o
In
March 2020, the Central Government ended strategic sales at Kamarajar Port
Limited, THDC India Limited, and North Eastern electrical power Corporation
Limited (NEEPCO)). Signed a virtual agreement to do so, and would receive Rs.13,
500 crore (the US$ 1.93 billion) from the deal.
o
In
December 2019, NTPC announced Rs 50,000 crore (the US$ 7.26) to add 10GW solar
power capacity by 2022.
o In
August 2019, Sembcorp Industries, a Singapore-based energy company, raised Rs.
521 crore (the US$ 101.6 million) in Sembcorp Energy India Limited.
o
o In
September 2019, Adani Transmission plans to acquire a full stake in
o Renewable Energy and Shapoorji
Pallonji is a 150 MW (MW) floating solar power project in Uttar Pradesh,
approximately Rs.750 crores (the US$ 0.11 billion).
 |
| Hydro Power Generation |
Government
Initiative:
The government of
o 15,875
crore rupees (the US$ 2.27 billion) to the Ministry of Power in the Union
Budget 2020-21 and 5,500 crore rupees (US$ 786.95 million) to Deen Dayal
Upadhyay Gram Jyoti. Scheme (DDUGJY) has been allocated.
o
The
government plans to set up 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030.
o
Pradhan
Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana-Saubhagya, launched by the Government of
o A draft
amendment act for electricity, 2003 was introduced in September 2018. It
discussed the rules for separation of material and carriage, direct benefit
transfer of subsidies, 24*7 power supplies as liability, penalties for violation
of
o
Ujwal
Discoms Assurance Scheme (UDAY) to encourage operational and financial
transformation of state-owned power distribution companies (DISCOMS) to reduce
gross technical and commercial (AT&C) losses by the government from FY19 to
15 percent.
o In
August 2018, for developers using domestic and imported solar cells and
modules, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy released Rs. 2.50 (the US$
0.04) respectively. And set the solar power tariff cap to Rs. 2.68 (the US$
0.04) units.
o The govt of India approved the National Policy on Biofuels in 2018; the benefits of this policy were health benefits, a clean environment, employment generation, reducing import dependence, promotion infrastructural funding in rural areas, and extra earnings to farmers.
Achievements power generation in India
The achievements of the government in the last four years are as follows:
In April 2020, NTPC Vindhyachal has become the largest power plant in the country, which can achieve a 100 percent plant load factor (PLF).
o
India's
Bank of Ease of Doing Business -
o
Energy the shortage was reduced to 0.7 percent in FY20 from 4.2 percent in FY14.
o Distribution
of more than 353 million LED bulbs to consumers by Energy Efficiency Services
Limited (EESL) in India on 08 July 2019 under Unnati Jyoti for all, 11.17 million
LED bulbs were sold by private players.
o As
of
Future: power generation in India
 |
| Thermal Power Generation |
The Government of
o
In
FY20, the total thermal installed capacity in the country was 226.28 GW; while
renewable, hydro, and nuclear power installed capacity was 77.64 GW, 45.40 GW,
and 6.78 GW respectively.
o
By
2022,
o As
a part of the Green Corridor Project, there are 34 solar lines of electricity
in 21 states. The parks will transmit a power capacity of 20 GW.
o In August 2018, KFW, a The german-based monetary institution, agreed with Rural Electrification Corporation of India Limited (REC) to furnish US$ 228.15 million for low-interest loans to renewable power undertaking developers.
Notes: GW=Gigawatt
Installed capacity for different sources of power –FY19 (GW)
 |
Source: Ministry of
Coal, NHPC, CentralElectricity Authority (
Thermal Power Generation:
 |
| Coal-fired Thermal Power Plant |
However,
the import of coal for utility power generation increased by 12.3% at 69.22
million tons from 61.66 million tons during the year 2018-19. A massive phase of the Indian coal the reserve is comparable to Gondwana coal: it has a low calorific cost and
excessive ash content, with terrible gasoline value.
On
average, the gross calorific value (GCV) of Indian coal is around 4500 kcal/kg,
while in
The
Center for Science and Environment has assessed
To
assess the environmental impact of a thermal power plant for construction and
commissioning in
As
of 2016, coal-powered power stations in the utility and captive power sectors
required about 12.5 million INR per MW capacity to install pollution control
equipment to comply with the latest emission norms set by the Ministry of
Environment and Forests.
In
April 2020, the CPCB announced that more than 42,000 MW of thermal power plants
had changed their lives.
State
and central power generation companies are forced by the Government of
Captive Power Generation:
 |
| Captive Power Generation with steel Plant |
The industry is owned by captive power generation capacity (over 1 MW capacity)
connected to existing plants as of 31 March 2019 generating 58,000 MW,
generating 175,000 GW in FY 2018-19. Diesel power generation sets of 75,000 MW capacities
(excluding sizes above 1 MW and below 100 KVA) have also been installed in the
country. Besides, all regions have a large number of diesel generators
with a capacity of less than 100 KVA to meet emergency power needs during power
outages in all sectors.
Captive Power Generation Sector
|
Number |
Source |
Captive Power Capacity(MW) |
Share |
Electricity generated(GWh) |
Share |
|
1 |
Coal |
34,833 |
60.06% |
141,137 |
80.64% |
|
2 |
Hydroelectricity |
48 |
0.08% |
97 |
0.09% |
|
3 |
Renewable energy source |
1,881 |
3.24% |
2,258 |
1.28% |
|
4 |
Natural Gas |
7,753 |
13.37% |
23,785 |
13.58% |
|
5 |
Oil |
13,485 |
23.25% |
7,723 |
4.41% |
|
|
Total |
58,000 |
100.00% |
175,00 |
100.00% |
Hydro Power Generation:
Besides,
there is an estimated 6,740 MW capacity for small, mini, and micro-hydro
generators and 56 sites have been identified for pumped storage schemes with a total installed capacity of 94,000 MW. In 2020, the power tariff with storage
hydro from solar PV has fallen below the coal-fired power plant tariff offering
baseload and peak load power supplies.
At that time the hydro installed capacity as of 31 March 2018 was the total
installed utility capacity of about 45,293 MW was 13.17%. The capacity of small,
mini, and micro-hydro generators is 4,486 MW. The sector has a 97% share, run
by public companies. Companies worried about the improvement of hydroelectric
electricity in India encompass National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC),
Northeast Electric Power Company (NEEPCO), Sutlej Jal Vidyut Nigam (SJVNL),
Tehri Hydro Power Corporation, and NTPC-Hydro.
Centralized
peak power stations provide capacity for load management across the grid. They
also produce additional/seasonal electricity at no additional cost when the
rivers are flooded. Storage of electricity by alternative systems such as
batteries, compressed air storage systems, etc. is more expensive than
producing electricity by additional generators.
Nuclear power generation:
 |
| Nuclear Power Generation |
As
of 31 March 2019, the installed nuclear power generation capacity in
In
1987,
The
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited commented in its 2011 annual record
that its largest task is to tackle public and policymakers' perceptions about
the protection of nuclear energy, specifically after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear catastrophe in Japan.
In
2011,
Nuclear
power plants are operating in the following states in
Maharashtra,
Two
additional units are under construction. The plant has suffered several
shutdowns, prompting an expert panel to investigate. The first 700 MW PHWR unit
under the second phase of Kakrapar Atomic Power Station achieved first
importance in July 2020.
The
discovery of uranium in 2011 was the Tummalapalle largest uranium mine and
possibly one of the world's largest uranium mines. The reserves were estimated
at 64,000 tonnes and may be equivalent to 150,000 tonnes. The mine's operations
began in 2012.
Jaitpur
Atomic Energy Project, India's largest nuclear power project, is planned to be
implemented in partnership with Electricité de France under an agreement for
10, March 2018.
The Indian government is developing 62 additional nuclear reactors, mostly using
thorium fuel, which is expected to be operational by 2025. It is "the sole
use in the world with a detailed, funded, government-approved plan" to the focal point on thorium-based totally on nuclear power.
 |
India
can be ensured not only economically, but also from social and environmental factors
that dependence on the thermal sector for electricity is gradually decreasing
and smart and on the other hand, hydroelectric generation in our country is
increasing rapidly It is likely to increase, therefore, for plans to gradually
shift their base towards renewable energy generation. Hydro-power has been
recognized as an efficient and economical source for sustainable development
and has reaped many benefits.
However,
private investors are slowly entering the hydro-power business, because of the
risks involved, these developers will fully invest in hydropower production
soon as the nation is slowly transforming itself into producing clean energy, which
will cause no harm to the surrounding environment and load energy production.
Non-renewable sources.
Our
high population growth and heavy demand for industrial and infrastructure the development will go hand in hand to meet the needs of the nation to generate
electricity from both renewable (hydro) and non-renewable (thermal) sources.
But in no time, hydroelectric power generation will become a monopoly in the
power generation business and thus the dependence on thermal power plants will
be reduced, and hence it is working towards a cleaner environment.
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